[Infrastructure,Scripts] Add more pre-commit hooks

[vkucera]

This PR adds more pre-commit hooks

• to cover more pathological commit scenarios and more file types,
• and to provide the possibility to run more of the CI checks locally so that users have the option to preview what the CI would report on their PR before they make it and to have the option to fix the found issues even before making a commit.

Hook versions are pinned to commit hashes in the source repositories to prevent danger from malicious manipulation of tags.

Hooks:

• check-added-large-files (Checks the file size. (max 500 kB))
• check-ast (Checks Python syntax.)
• check-case-conflict (Checks for file name conflicts on macOS.)
• check-executables-have-shebangs (Checks shebangs in non-binary executables.)
• check-merge-conflict (Checks for merge conflict strings.)
• check-symlinks (Checks for invalid symlinks.)
• check-yaml (Checks YAML syntax.)
• end-of-file-fixer (Makes sure files end in a single newline.)
• trailing-whitespace (Trims trailing whitespace.)
• shellcheck (Finds bugs in shell scripts. Included in MegaLinter.)
• ruff (check + format) (Linter for Python scripts. Included in MegaLinter.)
• format-includes (Fixes include format. Included in the formatting CI check.)
  • Ports the awk script to a Python script, providing several benefits:
    • Preserves spacing after includes.
    • Preserves execution flags.
    • Directly formats the input files.
• O2 linter (This PR makes the script executable.)

Comments:

• The failing formatting check is the result of the awk script removing the execution flag from the parsed files.
• Error reported by ruff are coming from the O2 linter script and unrelated to this PR.
• Required by Migrate include style formatting to Python alisw/ali-bot#1767

[github-actions]

O2 linter results: ❌ 0 errors, ⚠️ 0 warnings, 🔕 0 disabled